Ubutunzi bw’ibinyabuzima bw’Ubushinwa, bushingiye ku buhinga bwa none n’ibinyabuzima, bushingiye ku nzego nyinshi harimwo uburimyi, ibifungurwa, imiti, ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi, ibikorwa vy’ubuvuzi, ukurinda ibidukikije, n’ibikoresho n’imiti. Dushingiye ku bipimo, ubutunzi bwose bw’Ubushinwa bushobora gushika hagati ya trillion 38 na RMB 50 trillions mu 2035.
Kuva mu ntango z’ikinjana ca 21, ugutera imbere kwihuta mu vy’ubuhinga bw’ubuzima no mu vy’ubuhinga bwa none bw’ibinyabuzima vyagumye bihindura iyerekwa ry’ubutunzi bw’ibinyabuzima. Cane cane, ubuhinga bwa none bwaje nk’igikoresho gikomeye co gutorera umuti ingorane zikomeye zo kw’isi yose nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ugutekana kw’ibifungurwa, ukwigenga kw’inguvu, n’ugutuma ibidukikije bigumaho. Mu myaka ya vuba, ibintu vyariho ku mpapuro gusa biriko biraba ukuri ku rugero rwihuta cane. Kubera ko hariho iterambere ryihuta mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bushasha, igihe c’ubutunzi bw’ibinyabuzima kiriko kiregeranya ningoga.
Ihinduka ry’isi yose, ry’urutonde ubu ririko riraba-rirangwa n’uguha agaciro ibidukikije n’uguhindura ubuhinga bushasha mu nganda. Hariho ukwiyumvikana gukomeye kw’uko ubuhinga bushasha buzohindura kazoza k’ivyo turya, twambara, dukoresha be n’ingene twubatse isi yacu. Iryo hinduka ryitezwe guhindura cane ubuhinga bwo guhingura ibintu n’ubuzima, bigatuma habaho uburyo bushasha bw’ubutunzi bujanye n’ubutunzi bw’uburimyi, inganda n’ubutunzi bw’ubuhinga bwa none.
Raporo ya McKinsey & Company ivuga ko hafi 60% vy’ibintu vy’umubiri bikoreshwa mu bukungu bw’isi yose, mu vyiyumviro, bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa none. Naho gushika ku ciyumviro cuzuye bishobora gutwara igihe, mbere n’ugutera imbere kw’igice kwoshobora guhindura ingene umuntu atanga n’ugusaba, agahindura imiterere y’inganda, kandi akagira ico akoze ku nyifato y’abaguzi.
Ivyiyumviro bibiri vy’ingenzi vy’ubutunzi bw’ibinyabuzima:
- Ivyiyumviro bishingiye ku buhinga-bishingiye ku buhinga bw'ubuzima n'ubuhinga bushasha.
- Iciyumviro gishingiye ku butunzi-cibanda ku butunzi bw’ibinyabuzima bushobora gusubirwamwo kandi buramba.
Ibihugu nka Amerika, ibihugu bigize Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Argentine, Ubuhindi, Maleziya, na Afirika y'Epfo vyashize imbere inguvu zikomoka ku binyabuzima, ubuzima-shingiye ku kurinda ibidukikije, n'ubuhinga bw'amakuru, birondera gukoresha inyungu zavyo zidasanzwe mu guteza imbere iterambere ry'ivyaro n'ubutunzi, kurema akazi, kwongereza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibindi binyabuzima biciye mu guhangana n'ibindi binyabuzima, ubutunzi bushingiye ku buhinga bwa none-.
Kuva mu kiringo ca 11 c’Itegeko ry’Imyaka Itanu-, Ubushinwa bwarateye imbere cane mu gucuruza ubuhinga bushasha kandi burashigikira cane iterambere ry’ubuhinga bushasha. Iciyo gihe, inganda zikora ibidukikije zari zasobanuwe ko zigizwe n’inzego zihambaye indwi: imiti ikoreshwa n’ibinyabuzima, ubuhinga bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima, uburimyi bushingiye ku binyabuzima, inguvu z’ibinyabuzima, ubuhinga bwo guhingura ibinyabuzima, ugukingira ibidukikije, n’ubuhinga bushasha bwo gukoresha ibidukikije. ubutunzi bw'ibinyabuzima.
Ubutunzi bw'ibinyabuzima ku mibare (kuva mu 2021):
- Imiti y’ibinyabuzima: RMB 4 trillions (~19% vy’ivyo vyose)
- Ubuhinzi bw'ibinyabuzima: amamiliyaridi 9,9 y'amarundi (~47%)
- Bio-uguhingura: amamiliyaridi 6.9 y'amarundi (~33%)
- "Bio+" imice: ntaco imaze ariko ifise ubushobozi bwo gukura cane
Ubutunzi bwose muri 2021: RMB 20.8 trillions
Hashingiwe ku bintu vy’agaciro, vy’agaciro, n’ivy’icizigiro, urugero rw’ubutunzi bw’ibinyabuzima bw’Ubushinwa ni uru:
Ico ciyumviro c'icizigiro gifata ko politike-yihutisha (nk'akarorero, ukutagira aho ibogamiye n'ugushiramwo "Bio+", n'ubuhinga bwo gukora ibikoresho bifise ubuzima busubirira 30–40% vy'ibikoresho bisanzwe. Uko ubutunzi bwa "Bio+" bugenda burakura, ni ko bitezwe ko buzogira ico bukoze cane ku bukungu bw'ibinyabuzima muri rusangi, bugakomeza uruhara rwabwo nk'inkingi y'ingenzi y'ubutunzi bw'Ubushinwa muri kazoza.
